Mulai Belajar

Mengapa Solana Sangat Cepat dan Murah?

Memahami teknologi Proof of History dan arsitektur unik Solana yang memungkinkan throughput tinggi dengan biaya rendah

📅 10 Oct 2025

🚀 Solana: The Speed King

Solana terkenal karena dua hal:

  1. ⚡ Sangat Cepat - 65,000+ TPS (transactions per second)
  2. 💰 Sangat Murah - ~$0.00025 per transaksi

Tapi kenapa Solana bisa secepat dan semurah itu? Mari kita breakdown teknologi di baliknya!


🕐 Proof of History (PoH): Game Changer

Problem: Blockchain Traditional

Traditional blockchains (Bitcoin, Ethereum) punya fundamental timing problem:

Challenge:

Hasil:


Solution: Proof of History

Solana’s Innovation: Built-in verifiable clock!

How it works:

1. Cryptographic Timestamp

Contoh:

Hash 1: hash(data)
Hash 2: hash(Hash 1) → proves came after Hash 1
Hash 3: hash(Hash 2) → proves came after Hash 2
...

2. Verifiable Order

3. Parallel Processing


Mengapa This Matters

Traditional:

Validator A: "I think tx1 came first"
Validator B: "No, tx2 came first"
→ Must reach consensus (slow!)

Solana with PoH:

PoH Clock: "tx1 at timestamp 1000, tx2 at timestamp 1001"
All Validators: "OK, tx1 first!" (instant agreement)
→ No debate needed (fast!)

Hasil:


⚙️ Arsitektur Optimisasi Lainnya

PoH is the star, but Solana has many other innovations:

1. Tower BFT (Consensus)

Apa: Modified Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance

How it leverages PoH:

Keuntungan:


2. Turbine (Block Propagation)

Masalah: Broadcasting large blocks to thousands of nodes = slow

Solusi: Turbine breaks blocks into small packets

How it works:

Keuntungan:


3. Gulf Stream (Mempool Management)

Masalah: Traditional mempools = bottleneck

Solusi: Forward transactions to upcoming leaders

How it works:

Keuntungan:


4. Sealevel (Parallel Processing)

Masalah: Ethereum processes transactions sequentially (slow)

Solusi: Sealevel = Parallel transaction processing

How it works:

Contoh:

Sequential (Ethereum):
Tx1 (Account A) → Tx2 (Account B) → Tx3 (Account C)
Time: 3 units

Parallel (Solana):
Tx1 (Account A) + Tx2 (Account B) + Tx3 (Account C) at same time
Time: 1 unit → 3x faster!

Keuntungan:


5. Pipeline (Transaction Processing)

Concept: Like assembly line in factory

Stages:

  1. Fetch - Get tx from network
  2. Signature Verify - Check cryptographic signatures
  3. Banking - Process tx logic
  4. Write - Update ledger

How it helps:

Keuntungan:


6. Cloudbreak (Database)

Masalah: Reading/writing account data = bottleneck

Solusi: Horizontally scaled database

How it works:

Keuntungan:


7. Archivers (Ledger Storage)

Masalah: Full nodes storing entire history = expensive

Solusi: Separate validation from storage

How it works:

Keuntungan:


💸 Kenapa Biaya Sangat Murah?

Current Fee: ~$0.00025 per transaction

Factors:

1. High Throughput

2. Efficient Design

3. Predictable Fees


Fee Structure

Base Fee:

Priority Fees: (Optional)


Comparison

Blockchain Average Fee Use Case Example
Bitcoin $1-$5 Send money
Ethereum $1-$50+ Swap on Uniswap
Solana $0.00025 Swap on Jupiter

Solana = 4,000x - 200,000x cheaper than Ethereum! 🤯


🎯 Trade-offs & Challenges

Hardware Requirements

To run validator:

Trade-off:

Mitigation:


Network Outages (Historical)

2021-2022: Several network outages

Causes:

Improvements:

Status (2025):


State Growth

Challenge: Blockchain state growing fast

Dampak:

Solutions in progress:


🔮 Future: Firedancer

Apa: New validator client by Jump Crypto

Target Performance:

Expected: Mid-2025

Dampak:

Read more: Firedancer article


🎓 Kesimpulan

Kenapa Solana Cepat & Murah?

Speed:

Low Cost:


The Magic Formula:

PoH (verifiable time)
+ Parallel Processing (Sealevel)
+ Efficient Consensus (Tower BFT)
+ Optimized Architecture (Turbine, Gulf Stream, Pipeline, Cloudbreak)
= 65,000+ TPS at $0.00025/tx

Trade-offs:

Kelebihan:

Kekurangan:


Bottom Line:

Solana achieved speed & low cost through first-principles rethinking of blockchain design. Rather than incremental improvements, Solana rebuilt from ground up with performance as #1 priority.

Result? Blockchain that feels like Web2, but with Web3 benefits:

The future is fast. The future is affordable. The future is Solana. 🌐


📚 Baca Juga


Technical Resources:

Artikel ini dibuat dengan riset mendalam & fact-checked. Untuk pertanyaan atau feedback, hubungi kami di ruangsolana@gmail.com atau Twitter.